Git Architecture Tutorial

Introduction to Git Architecture

Git is a popular distributed version control system that helps developers track changes and manage code repositories effectively. Understanding Git's architecture is essential for utilizing its capabilities fully.

Git Basics

Before diving into the architecture, let's cover a few essential concepts:

• Repository: A repository is a storage space where Git keeps all the files and their revision history.
• Commit: A commit is a snapshot of the repository at a specific point in time.
• Branches: Branches are used to work on different versions of a repository simultaneously.

Git Architecture

Git's architecture consists of three main components:

1. Working Directory

The working directory is where you make changes to your files. It represents the current state of your codebase.

2. Staging Area

The staging area acts as a buffer between the working directory and the repository. It allows you to select specific changes to be included in the next commit.

$ git add file1.txt

3. Repository

The repository is where Git stores all the commits and their associated metadata. It acts as a complete history of the project.

$ git commit -m "Added file1.txt"

Common Mistakes with Git Architecture

• Forgetting to add changes to the staging area before committing.
• Not creating a new branch when working on a new feature.
• Using the wrong Git commands, leading to unintended actions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How do I create a new branch in Git?

To create a new branch in Git, you can use the following command:

$ git branch new-feature

2. How can I revert a commit in Git?

If you want to undo the last commit, you can use the following command:

$ git revert HEAD

3. How do I discard changes in the working directory?

To discard all changes in the working directory and revert to the last committed state, you can use the following command:

$ git checkout -- .

4. How can I merge two branches in Git?

To merge two branches together, you can use the following command:

$ git merge branch-name

5. How can I view the commit history?

You can use the following command to view the commit history:

$ git log

Summary

Git's architecture comprises the working directory, staging area, and repository. The working directory holds the current state, the staging area allows you to select changes for the next commit, and the repository stores all the commits and their history. By understanding Git's architecture, you can effectively manage and track changes in your codebase.